The folk beliefs of the coastal and island inhabitants of Southern Vietnam contribute significantly to the formation of the maritime and island culture of Southern Vietnam. Among these, the worship of Ba-Cau stands out as a typical form of belief and a distinctive cultural feature, deeply rooted in their consciousness for ages. Based on a literature review, this article analyzes and systematizes information regarding the origins of the worship of Ba-Cau and the practice of worship rituals, as well as further clarifies whether there exists a Ba-Cau festival and the influence of this worship on the lives of coastal and island inhabitants of Southern Vietnam in the current context.