This article examines Ho Chi Minh’s thought on women’s rights based on the methodological foundations of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, combined with historical-logical, analytical methods and a literature review. The findings indicate that, in Ho Chi Minh’s thought, women’s rights are not viewed as an isolated category; rather, they are situated within a dialectical relationship among national rights, class rights, and human rights. Ho Chi Minh not only affirmed women’s equal rights in the political, economic, cultural, and social spheres but also emphasized the conditions necessary for the substantive realization of those rights through education, capacity development, empowerment, and participation in social governance. On this basis, the article clarifies the theoretical value of Ho Chi Minh’s thought on women’s rights from the perspectives of human rights and human emancipation, while also highlighting its significance for promoting gender equality and ensuring women’s rights in the context of digital transformation and international integration in contemporary Vietnam.