Under the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the rapid development of the digital economy, the Vietnamese working class is undergoing profound changes in its structure, capacities, labor methods, and its position in protecting the Party’s ideological foundation. Currently, the increase in subversive activities in cyberspace and the spread of harmful and toxic information make the task of protecting the Party’s ideological foundation more difficult and complex. This article analyzes the current trends of transformation in the Vietnamese proletariat; clarifies their role in fulfilling the task of protecting the ideological foundation of the Communist Party of Vietnam; identifies the difficulties and challenges facing them in this task; and proposes solutions to enhance the blue-collar’s role as a political subject in the new context.