Vietnam - India relations were officially established in 1972 and have continuously developed in a spirit of friendship. In 2016, the relationship between the two countries was upgraded to a “Comprehensive Strategic Partnership”. In 2026, it will be further upgraded to an “Enhanced Comprehensive Strategic Partnership”, ushering in a new phase of development. Based on many historical similarities, Vietnam and India have implemented Buddhist cultural diplomacy with the aim of promoting mutual understanding, strengthening relations, enhancing socio-cultural cooperation, and advancing national interests. Buddhism is not only a belief but also an essential part of the cultural diplomacy of both countries. This paper highlights Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s policy of using Buddhist diplomacy to build a close diplomatic relationship between India and Vietnam, as well as Vietnam’s policy of promoting Buddhist diplomacy with India to facilitate international integration and confidently step into a new era. It affirms the indispensable role of Buddhism in the cultural diplomacy of the two countries and as an important factor in strengthening Vietnam - India relations.