This article provides an overview of the scientific, political, religious, and social debates surrounding non-heterosexual sexual orientation within the global LGBTQ community today. The findings show that sexual orientation is shaped by a complex interaction between biological and cultural factors, rather than arising from any single cause. Notably, sexual orientation has extended beyond the realm of science to become a means of exercising power. Governments in many countries have portrayed the LGBTQ community as a “political bogeyman” in an effort to reinforce national identity and mobilize voters. Meanwhile, in a considerable number of countries, religious doctrines continue to be codified into law, including provisions imposing the death penalty on LGBTQ individuals. Recent survey data indicate that the proportion of LGBTQ individuals who have experienced prejudice-based harassment has increased, alongside the phenomenon of “wokelash”-social polarization and a wave of quiet indifference replacing previous support. This article argues that the debate over non-heterosexual sexual orientation is no longer merely a scientific issue; it has become a battleground over power, identity, and social values.