The rapid development of artificial intelligence is profoundly transforming innovation activities and knowledge exploitation globally, as AI system increasingly participate directly in creative and inventive processes. This reality poses fundamental challenges to intellectual property law, which has traditionally been constructed on the premise that human beings are the subjects of creativity. Using the methods of literature review, analysis, synthesis, and comparative legal research, this article examines how the European Union protects artificial intelligence-related innovations through its intellectual property law framework, thereby offering several directions for the further development of Viet Nam’s intellectual property law with a view to promoting innovation while ensuring a balanced alignment of interests in the context of digital transformation and the knowledge-based economy.